公正
[美] 迈克尔·桑德尔
曾经我觉得所有东西都是可以量化的，甚至感情，然而我又倾向于推崇选择的自由，比如在不影响他人利益的前提之下，我认为人可以随意处置自己。作者在书中批判了功利主义的行为，他认为这使公正和权利变成一种算计，而非原则。将所有的人类等量齐观，实际上却忽视了它们之间质的区别。而自由选择则没法解决类似代孕母亲之类的问题，人们也许会丧失判断的能力，那在这样情况下做出的选择，是否算数？作者宣扬的共同善其实不太能够说服...
The Moral Dilemmas of Daily Life
An exploration of how we define justice through real-world scenarios like price gouging and bailouts, introducing the three main schools of thought: welfare, freedom, and virtue.
The Price of Disaster
Three Maps for Justice
The Utilitarian Calculus
Investigating Jeremy Bentham's 'greatest happiness' principle and John Stuart Mill's attempt to humanize it by respecting individual liberty.
The Calculus of Pleasure
Putting a Price Tag on Life
Higher vs. Lower Pleasures
The Sovereign Self: Libertarianism
Focuses on the idea that justice means respecting self-ownership and the right to choose, challenging the ethics of wealth redistribution.
The Minimal State
The Moral Case Against Taxes
Markets and Moral Limits
Applying market logic to sensitive areas like military service and reproduction to see if everything should be for sale.
Soldiers for Hire
Commercializing Creation
Kant's Logic of Duty
A deep dive into Immanuel Kant's demanding philosophy, where morality is found in the motive and the categorical imperative.
Why Intentions Matter
The Categorical Imperative
Freedom as Autonomy
The Fair Society: John Rawls
Examining the social contract through the 'Veil of Ignorance' to determine how we would distribute resources if we didn't know our own identity.
The Veil of Ignorance
Winning the Genetic Lottery
The Affirmative Action Debate
Using college admissions to explore whether justice is about compensating for the past or promoting a diverse future.
Correction or Diversity?
Detaching Justice from Merit
Who Deserves What? Aristotle
Revisiting the Greek roots of justice, where rights are linked to the 'telos' (purpose) of social practices and the cultivation of virtue.
Flutes for the Best Players
Politics as the Pursuit of Virtue
Loyalty and Responsibility
Do we have special obligations to our family and country that we didn't choose? Sandel looks at the limits of individualism.
Ancestral Sins
The Dilemma of Loyalty
Justice and the Common Good
The conclusion argues that we cannot remain neutral on moral and religious questions and must engage with the 'good life' to achieve justice.
The Myth of Neutrality
A New Politics of the Common Good
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Interactive Socratic dialogue, level by level